控制水中蚊幼虫:灭蚊剂的基本知识

根据 美国卫生及社会事务署就在美国控制蚊子发表联合声明.S. 美国环境保护署(EPA)和美国环保署.S. 美国疾病控制与预防中心， “…The greatest control impact on mosquito populations will occur when they are 集中, immobile and 可访问的.”  This emphasizes the importance of controlling mosquitoes at their larval, 以水为基础的发展阶段, 在它们飞出来之前, 咬的成年人. 灭蚊幼虫产品, 俗称杀幼虫剂, are applied to water sources used for mosquito breeding and prevent larvae from becoming flying and 咬的成年人.

At first glance, the upfront cost of larval control products can appear to be prohibitive. 但是，如果控制蚊子幼虫的方法得当，就有可能 reduce the number of adult control treatments needed to deliver and maintain nuisance and disease control in your district or county. In fact, one mosquito control program in Florida found they could nearly eliminate adult control applications once they began implementing larval control as a core part of their mosquito management program.

什么时候使用杀幼虫剂最好?

最简单的答案是, the best time to use larval control products is when you have active or anticipated mosquito breeding in a water source.  However, knowing this is more nuanced – taking into consideration your region and climate, 栖息地类型, 物种混合, 以及检查和监督工作, 加上育种活动和虫媒病毒疾病周期的历史数据. 不管这些因素, 蚊子孳生的共同点总是死水.

Larvicides are often used early in an integrated mosquito management program to suppress overall populations. 最终, treating mosquito breeding water sources with larval control products helps limit the number of adult mosquitoes that will fly and bite, therefore reducing nuisance levels and the potential for endemic arbovirus disease cycles, 比如西尼罗河病毒.

用什么有效成分来控制蚊子幼虫?

There are four main active ingredients and modes of action available among EPA-registered larval control products for public health mosquito control.

1. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bti) and Bacillus sphaericus (Bsph) – a Class 11A/11B bacterial pesticide for larval control.  Fourstar® 产品就是这样一个使用Bti/ b的品牌.
2. s -甲氧二烯-一种7A类生长调节剂，发现于 Altosid-brand产品除其他外. 生长调节剂的作用是停止蚊子的生命周期, 防止幼虫发育成成虫.
3. 一种天然土壤细菌的产物. This is a Class 5 pesticide for controlling all four stages of mosquito larvae.  天然®产品含有Spinosad.
4. 杀幼虫油之类的 CocoBear® 对水面呼吸的幼虫起到窒息作用.

灭蚊幼虫剂的作用时间是多久?

Generally, larvicide product options will fall into two categories related to the length of control:

1. Single brood products are intended to last for just one larval cycle or brood. 它们在申请后的24-48小时内起作用. If continued breeding in the treatment sites is detected through ongoing inspection, 后续申请可能需要每周进行一次. This product type is often the right choice for temporary standing water sites, such as woodland pools that form in the spring as a result of snow melt or heavy seasonal rains.
2. Multi-brood or residual control products will typically control mosquito larvae in a water source for 14 or more days. 取决于产品配方和应用场所, 一些多育产品可以控制幼虫长达180天. Multi-brood products are often an operationally efficient and effective choice for breeding habitats that nearly always have water present, 如集水盆或雨水渠.

如何使用杀蚊幼虫剂?

你会发现杀幼虫剂有很多配方, 如药片或砖, liquids, 以及各种类型的颗粒产品除其他外.  And, 它们可以以许多不同的方式应用, 包括手工, 通过吹风设备, 甚至从飞机上, 直升机, 和无人驾驶飞机. 没有一种“正确”的配方或应用方法. The beauty in all this variation is that you have options for all species, 所有繁殖栖息地, 以及所有的申请网站.

Wondering if your program has optimized the use of larvicides for proactive mosquito population suppression?  我们的防蚊专家在这里提供帮助.  请在这里免费咨询.